Asociación del antígeno carbohidrato 125 con la mortalidad por sepsis en pacientes críticos / Association of carbohydrate 125 antigen with sepsis mortality in critical patients

IntroductionThe increased synthesis of CA125 in mesothelial cells is connected with pathophysiological processes, also present in sepsis, that link inflammation with systemic congestion. We propose to evaluate serum levels of this biomarker in patients with sepsis and to study its association with the severity and evolution of the disease.MethodsLongitudinal retrospective observational study, which included 126 patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit with sepsis criteria. The main variables analyzed were: CA125 values for 7 days, the variation of its levels according to the source of infection (abdominal, pulmonary, nephrourinary and others), sepsis, septic shock, APACHE-II score and mortality.ResultsCA125 levels remained elevated throughout the study period. The abdominal focus presented higher mean levels of CA125 (62±55.5U/mL; P=.001) and were higher in non-survivors (77.2U/mL; interquartile range 35.9-118.5; P=.0273). CA125 levels>35U/mL throughout the weal had an independently effect on the evolution (relative risk [RR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.2; P=.001) and the elevated mean value of CA125 was also associated with mortality (RR 1.004; 95% CI 1.001-1.005; P=.0001).ConclusionsSeptic patients presented high levels of CA125 on the study days, being higher in abdominal infections. In our study, serial determination of CA125 is a prognostic marker of mortality independent of age, origin of infection or severity. (AU)

IntroducciónLa síntesis aumentada de CA125 en las células mesoteliales se asocia a procesos fisiopatológicos presentes en la sepsis, que relacionan la inflamación con la congestión sistémica. Proponemos evaluar los niveles séricos de este biomarcador en la sepsis y estudiar su asociación con la gravedad y evolución de la enfermedad.MétodosEstudio observacional prospectivo longitudinal que incluyó a 126 pacientes que ingresaron en una unidad de cuidados intensivos con criterios de sepsis. Las variables principales analizadas fueron: valores de CA125 durante 7 días, foco causante de la infección (abdominal, pulmonar, nefrourinario y otros), sepsis, shock séptico, escala APACHE-II y mortalidad.ResultadosLos niveles de CA125 se mantuvieron elevados en el período de estudio. El foco abdominal presentó niveles medios de CA125 más elevados (62±55,5U/ml; p=0,001) y fueron superiores en los pacientes que fallecieron (77,2U/ml; rango intercuartil 35,9-118,5; p=0,0273). Los niveles de CA125>35U/ml durante toda la semana tuvieron un efecto sobre la evolución de forma independiente (riesgo relativo [RR] 3,1; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% 1,6 a 6,2; p=0,001) y el valor medio elevado de CA125 también se asoció a la mortalidad (RR 1,004; IC 95% 1,001-1,005; p=0,0001).ConclusionesLos pacientes sépticos presentaron unos niveles elevados de CA125 en los días de estudio, siendo superiores en infecciones de foco abdominal. En nuestro estudio, la determinación seriada de CA125 es un marcador pronóstico de mortalidad independiente de la edad, el origen de la infección o la gravedad. (AU)

Association of carbohydrate 125 antigen with sepsis mortality in critical patients. / Asociación del antígeno carbohidrato 125 con la mortalidad por sepsis en pacientes críticos.

INTRODUCTION: The increased synthesis of CA125 in mesothelial cells is connected with pathophysiological processes, also present in sepsis, that link inflammation with systemic congestion. We propose to evaluate serum levels of this biomarker in patients with sepsis and to study its association with the severity and evolution of the disease. METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective observational study, which included 126 patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit with sepsis criteria. The main variables analyzed were: CA125 values for 7 days, the variation of its levels according to the source of infection (abdominal, pulmonary, nephrourinary and others), sepsis, septic shock, APACHE-II score and mortality. RESULTS: CA125 levels remained elevated throughout the study period. The abdominal focus presented higher mean levels of CA125 (62±55.5U/mL; P=.001) and were higher in non-survivors (77.2U/mL; interquartile range 35.9-118.5; P=.0273). CA125 levels>35U/mL throughout the weal had an independently effect on the evolution (relative risk [RR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.2; P=.001) and the elevated mean value of CA125 was also associated with mortality (RR 1.004; 95% CI 1.001-1.005; P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Septic patients presented high levels of CA125 on the study days, being higher in abdominal infections. In our study, serial determination of CA125 is a prognostic marker of mortality independent of age, origin of infection or severity.

Erradicación de un brote nosocomial de infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente tras el ajuste de cargas de trabajo y refuerzo de precauciones específicas / Eradication of a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections after adjusting nursing workloads and reinforcing specific precautions

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante el año 2009 se produjo un brote de infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente (A. baumannii MR) en una unidad de cuidados intensivos, resultando 25 pacientes infectados. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio caso-control apareado para identificar los factores de riesgo de infección. Se estimó la presión de colonización o proporción de pacientes colonizados por A. baumannii MR. Se calcularon las puntuaciones TISS-28 y Omega en cada paciente para evaluar las necesidades de trabajo de enfermería. Se utilizaron análisis de regresión logística condicional. RESULTADOS: Se observaron fallos en el lavado de manos y en el uso de guantes. Los pacientes infectados presentaron mayor exposición a procedimientos invasivos y tratamiento antimicrobiano que sus controles apareados. El análisis multivariante identificó como factores de riesgo independientes: ser sometido a ventilación mecánica (odds ratio[OR] = 1,03; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%, 1,01-1,05; p = 0,01) y la exposición a otro paciente infectado o colonizado (OR = 1,7; IC 95%, 1,1-2,6; p = 0,02). Se realizó un seguimiento estricto de las precauciones de aislamiento, del agrupamiento de los pacientes, del reforzamiento de la limpieza y de la desinfección de superficies y la disminución de las cargas de trabajo. Como consecuencia, se produjo una disminución en la incidencia de infecciones por A. baumannii MR. Las puntuaciones de actividad terapéutica fueron superiores en los casos que en los controles. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados sugieren la transmisión de A. baumannii MR de paciente a paciente. El fortalecimiento de los procedimientos específicos de control y el ajuste de las cargas de trabajo fueron esenciales para erradicar este brote

INTRODUCTION: During 2009, an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii) infections was detected in a 27-bed intensive care unit, resulting in 25 cases being infected. METHODS: A matched case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for infection. The colonization pressure, or the proportion of other patients colonized by MDR A. baumannii, was estimated. TISS-28 and Omega scores of each patient were calculated to evaluate nursing work requirements. Conditional logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Breakdowns in hand washing and glove use were observed. Infected patients (cases) were more likely than paired controls to have had longer exposure to invasive devices and antimicrobial treatment. The independent risk factors identified by the multivariate analysis were, mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05; P = .01], and exposure to an infected or colonized patient [OR = 1.7; 95%CI, 1.1-2.6; P = .02). A combined infection control strategy was implemented, including strict compliance with isolation precautions, grouping of patients, reinforcing cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, and a decrease in work load. Subsequently, a sharp reduction in the incidence MDR A. baumannii infections was shown. Therapeutic activity scores were significantly higher for cases than for controls. CONCLUSION: The results suggest patient-to-patient transmission of MDR A. baumannii. Reinforcement of specific procedures and work load adjustment were essential to eradicate this outbreak

[Eradication of a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections after adjusting nursing workloads and reinforcing specific precautions]. / Erradicación de un brote nosocomial de infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente tras el ajuste de cargas de trabajo y refuerzo de precauciones específicas.

INTRODUCTION: During 2009, an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii) infections was detected in a 27-bed intensive care unit, resulting in 25 cases being infected. METHODS: A matched case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for infection. The colonization pressure, or the proportion of other patients colonized by MDR A. baumannii, was estimated. TISS-28 and Omega scores of each patient were calculated to evaluate nursing work requirements. Conditional logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Breakdowns in hand washing and glove use were observed. Infected patients (cases) were more likely than paired controls to have had longer exposure to invasive devices and antimicrobial treatment. The independent risk factors identified by the multivariate analysis were, mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR)=1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05; P=.01], and exposure to an infected or colonized patient [OR=1.7; 95%CI, 1.1-2.6; P=.02). A combined infection control strategy was implemented, including strict compliance with isolation precautions, grouping of patients, reinforcing cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, and a decrease in work load. Subsequently, a sharp reduction in the incidence MDR A. baumannii infections was shown. Therapeutic activity scores were significantly higher for cases than for controls. CONCLUSION: The results suggest patient-to-patient transmission of MDR A. baumannii. Reinforcement of specific procedures and work load adjustment were essential to eradicate this outbreak.